Process of Matrix Acidizing

Process of Matrix Acidizing CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1. Preface: Well stimulation techniques are applied regularly to improve productivity and maximize recovery from oil and gas wells. One of these techniques is matrix acidizing which is probably the most extensively performed job due to its low cost as compared to hydraulic fracturing, and it’s appropriateness to both production improvement and to restore original permeability in damaged wells. Acidizing treatments in general can be classified as : Acid washing Matrix acidizing Fracture acidizing ( or acid-fracturing) In acid washing, the purpose is simply tubular and wellbore cleaning. Treatment of the formation is not considered. Acid washing is most often Carried out to clean out scale and other materials restricting flow in the well. In fracture acidizing, acid is injected into a fracture created by a viscous fluid or the acid itself used to create the fracture. As acid progresses in the fracture, it reacts with the fracture walls, resulting in dissolution etching. Matrix acidizing which is the focal of this research, is defined as the process in which an acid is injected into the formation at pressures below the fracturing pressure of the formation so that fractures are not created. The injected fluid will react with the formation and dissolve some of the materials present and hence eliminate the formation damage and/or increase the permeability in the near-wellbore region.(1)The acidizing process leads to improving the maximum recovery in both sandstone and carbonate reservoirs and increasing economic reserves. In carbonate formations, matrix acidizing acts by forming conductive channels, called wormholes, through the formation. These wormholes penetrate beyond the near-wellbore region, or extending from perforations, as illustrated in figure (1.1). Acid-induced wormholes in carbonate rocks are similar to the holes made by earthworms underground, hence the name.(2) Often, acid will form  primarily single wormhole from limited numbers of perforations, without significant branching. That is the case when strong acids are used, such as HCl. Weaker acids, such as acetic acid, and retarded acid systems tend to create more branching of wormholes, which is preferable but only to a certain range. Retarded acid systems comprise viscosified acids (e.g., surfactant or polymer surfactant-gelled acid, emulsified acid, and foamed acid) or chemically retarded acid. The nature of wormholes created is controlled by the injection rate, temperature, and formation reaction characteristics.(2) In carbonate formations, the most frequently used acid is hydrochloric acid (HCl) which reacts with carbonates and form water (H2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), and a calcium or magnesium salt. Typical reactions in carbonates are(3): For Calcite: 2HCl+CaCO3 CaCl2+CO2+H2O .(1.1) and for Dolomite: 4HCl+CaMg(CO3)2 CaCl2 +MgCl2+2H2O+2CO2 .(1.2) Figure(1.1): CT- Scanned wormhole structures from a core-flood experiment(4) 1.2. Formation Damage: Formation damage is a common expression denoting to the impairment of the permeability by different processes. It is an undesirable functioning and economic problem that can take place during the different phases of oil and gas recovery from reservoirs, such as drilling , hydraulic fracturing, workover operations, and production. Formation damage indicators include permeability impairment, skin damage, and decrease of well performance. Figure (1.2) represents the common formation damage mechanisms in the order of significance.(5) Seven formation damage mechanisms were summarized by Bishop (1997).(6) These mechanism are: Fluid–fluid incompatibilities; for example emulsions formed between formation water and oil-based mud filtrate. Rock–fluid inconsistency; for instance contact of possibly swelling clay by nonequilibrium water-based fluids will reduce near wellbore permeability. Solids invasion; such as the invasion of drilled solids or weighting agents . Phase /blocking; for instance the invasion of water-based mud in the near wellbore region in a gas well. wettability alteration; for example emulsifier adsorption altering the wettability and fluid flow features of a formation. Fines migration; for instance the movement of fine particulates in a rock’s pore structure , as a result bridging and plugging will form in pore throats. Biological activity; such as the bacterial agent that enter into the formation during drilling. 1.3. General Information about Field under Study: The Badra field is located in Wasit governorate 160 Km toward southeast from Baghdad city and extends across the borders to Iran. The Badra-1 discovery well was drilled in 1979. A second appraisal well (BD-2) was drilled in late-1980s but was abandoned due to the war before reaching the planned TD and main target Mauddud reservoir. No DST, coring or production testing were done. Two appraisal wells (BD-4 and BD-5) were drilled; coring and testing was in 2013. In 2011, 169 sq.km seismic 3D acquisition was done and interpreted. Figure (1.3) shows the oil field and Badra field location. Figure (1.2): Classification and order of the common formation damage mechanisms Figure  ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­(1.3):Zagros Province and Oil fields 1.4. Objectives of the Present Study: The present research aims to design matrix acidizing process for one of the Iraqi oil wells (Carbonate formation) using Hydrochloric acid (HCl) . The purpose is to follow up the formation damage occurrence due to drilling mud and completion fluids and removal, permeability improvement, and minerals dissolution in the carbonate formation caused by the acidizing process. As well as evaluating the matrix acidizing behavior, the effect of rock heterogeneity, and to determine the optimal injection rates of the acid to create channels in these formation. A new laboratory apparatus will be designed and constructed to perform the planned experiments. The setup should reproduce ,as much as possible, the characteristics of the treatments conditions to investigate the effects of matrix acidizing on carbonate rocks having variable mineral composition. Extensive experiments are required to be conducted to study the validation of the operative suitability and reliability of the apparatus under a broad range of pressure, flow rate, volume pumped, and acid concentration along with different additives. The licensed StimPro software will be applied , for the first time, for matrix acidizing process for Iraqi carbonate formation.

Argumentitive Essay on ‘the Case for Breaking Up with Your Parents” – Prof Terry Castle

————————————————- ————————————————- Why it is better for students to take the wheel â€Å"Parental engagement even in the lives of college-age children has expanded in ways that would have seemed bizarre in the recent past. (Some colleges have actually created a â€Å"dean of parents† position – whether identified as such or not – to deal with them. ) The â€Å"helicopter parents† who hover over nearly every choice or action of their offspring have given way to â€Å"snowplow parents† who determinedly clear a path for their child and shove aside any obstacle they perceive in the way. – Prof. Terry Castle, The case for breaking up with your parents As seen in Prof. Castle’s article ‘The Case for breaking up wi th your parents’ (The Chronicle Review, May 6, 2012), there are a few reasons why she is right when she says that the highly expanded parental engagement jeopardizes students’ intellectual and emotional freedom. They need to separate so that students will be able to engage in a kind of self-orphaning.First of all, the high involvement of parents is not advantageous at all by thinking that students are not even able to make their own choices – sometimes they would even do something just to make their parents feel satisfied. To prevent this, parents should really start to think about the abilities of their own child. Would they really not be able to make the right decisions? Of course, one has to overcome a few difficult steps in order to be able to make right decisions, but still, the students need to be given the chance to walk their own way to their future.It is apparent that these helicopter-parents are not inept parents at all, such parents are rather too car eful, well, maybe they care a little too much. Nevertheless, they do not have bad intentions so that is why students should start to talk about those involvement-issues with their parents. If they do not talk about it with their parents there would not be anyone else would convince them to stop doing so to their lovely children. Still, caring so much about their child is another reason to let them choose.If the parents love them so much, they should also love their preferences, or if they really disallow them, they can still advise them not to do so. This way, they can learn to guide themselves and still have the parents’ opinion at the same time. Breaking away from your parents? is not something easy to do. Some students do not know better than their parents’ conceptions, or at least, that is what they assume. That is why there is also a possibility that those students have unconsciously developed a fear of making own choices.Well, here again, this is another opportun ity to help your child to become more independent. As life is full of surprises, there will definitely be moments where your child will have no choice but to make a decision, and if it has never been done, it will also be very difficult. Caring parents would not want their child to be put in a difficult position, would they? Having said this, breaking away from such fanatical and willful parents would definitely be the best thing to do.It is high time for the student to overcome the possible fear of making own choices and one should be able to disassociate himself from his parents. ——————————————– [ 1 ]. Self-orphaning – ‘The Case for Breaking up with your parents’ by Professor Terry Castle [ 2 ]. Helicopter-parents – ‘The Case for Breaking up with your parents’ by Professor Terry Castle ? Breaking away from your parents – as seen in ‘The Case for Breaking up with your parents’ by Prof. Castle

The Number One Article on Nhs Essay Samples

The Number One Article on Nhs Essay Samples Be attentive since it is merely a sample and you are unable to copy it to your work. Your list is only going to supply you with a headache if you don't locate a remedy to end your problems. You should have all sections of the test under control before you demonstrate your skills in their complete entirety. Read our informal writing samples to acquire a better comprehension of how to write them by yourself. Nhs Essay Samples - the Story This text will act as a national honor society essay example and will demonstrate one of the probable techniques to write it correctly. In spite of the simple fact that NHS has made achievements that are substantial, there are many areas which demand attention and a reversal of work program. This study demonstrates that giving brings a great deal of joy and happiness to people. Obviously, this list isn't exhaustive, these are simply a few examples of the most well-known reasons students turn to wr iting services. In the end, NHS also provides college scholarships. To begin with, you ought to know the key added benefits of being a true member of the NHS society. If you're accepted to the National Honor Society, you'll be invited to an induction ceremony with the remainder of the newly accepted members of your regional NHS chapter. As soon as you have located your regional NHS chapter, you'll need to reassess their membership requirements. These kinds of essays attempt to demonstrate the way you can present a specific candidate and also demonstrate that the person has been qualified to join the organization. Within this situation it's possible to approach SameDayEssay. It is necessary for a writer to study either side of the issue so as to find out how to beat counterarguments. Below is a good example of an informal letter, written by means of a son to his mother. Nhs Essay Samples Can Be Fun for Everyone It's possible that you visit a service offering written help online. Numerous foreign qualified medical care professionals add to the working of NHS. From the above discussion it's clear that the application of genetics in health care services is a rather controversial matter. After you locate a service you want, don't neglect to look at my review of it. In addition, NHS delivers regular opportunities for you to construct your leadership abilities. The structure of organization is quite spread, it is composed of many chapters in high schools around the nation. Nhs Essay Samples Explained National honor society essay samples are available online to help you in writing your very own original work. Examine the feasible start of the essay provided below and make a decision as to what you'd decide to put in the introduction of your essay. Get some experience outside before you begin your essay. As everyone probably knows, each type of essay starts with the debut of presenting a topic and posing a statement. You're going to be surrounded by writing professionals throughout the plan of order placement, and the moment you choose to purchase essay and pick an allocated writer, things will get even more exciting. Whether you've got to make a paper of special flawlessness, just get an essay here and our writers will provide help. A specialist writer who's seasoned in writing NHS essays can aid with an outline, give advice, point you in the proper direction, or even compose the full essay below your guidelines. Writing a national honor society essay by yourself, you can come to an issue of locating a draft to have a look at. An excellent topic is a fundamental portion of writing a thriving national junior honor society essay. It's vital that the service you decide on knows for sure they're only employing the ideal essay writers. The Advantages of Nhs Essay Samples Even in case you give yourself enough time to create a few drafts, the caliber of your papers can continue being low. A good example of a paper is the thing you are able to see in our article. Don't forget to be open-minded when making decisions regarding what things to put back on paper. Your paper needs to be unique.

Is Black Pride Racism Essay - 1218 Words

â€Å"A man who stands for nothing will fall for anything.† (Malcolm X) The African- American race as people have faced many challenges and has been through many struggles and oppressions. These events in history have fostered a sense of pride and for some hate in later generations. The pride that African- Americans have is usually referred to as Black Supremacy, Black Pride, and Black Power. The ideas of these prides are for black people as whole to have strong sense of who they are as a people, self-worth, self-determination, and equality. Every race should have these feelings, but some people take this to heart and find it offence because there are extremist groups who take these to beliefs above and beyond. Black Supremacy is not racism†¦show more content†¦During the first site of segregation to its last days, many White establishments like schools were far superior to Black schools and establishments (â€Å"Racism Timeline†). Segregations is a disadvantag e to both races because it creates feelings of degradation among blacks and raises prejudice in whites (â€Å"Racism Timeline†). Whites and Blacks had separate hotels, railroad cars, restaurants, water fountains, and schools. There was no particular reason for this. Before Civil rights acts were passed, blacks did not have the right to vote, own property, to contract or sue, and no testifying against whites, these are basic rights that someone who acquires citizenship to The United States of America earns. Blacks were treated like they were not even citizens of the country. These acts were called Black Codes or Jim Crow laws, and were mainly in the South (â€Å"The Advent of the Jim Crow†). These laws sprouted so quickly in the South because of the Civil War. After the Civil War, there was the reconstruction where racism intensifies. However, during this time Charles Darwin helped created a new form of racism, scientific racism. In scientific racism, racists use science to justify that their race is genetically and scientifically proven to be the superior. In 1866, the KKK was founded in Nashville Tennessee by Confederate Civil War veterans because they wanted to block the reconstruction and promote White Power (â€Å"RacismShow MoreRelated Richard Wrights Black Boy as a Catalyst to End Racism Essay1458 Words   |  6 PagesBlack Boy as a Catalyst to End Racism Around 2000 B.C., Egyptians enslaved Jews in bondage like caged animals because they were targeted as a lesser race and thus chosen for labor. Just 1500 years later, the Jews themselves were the culprits of racism labeling the very association with Samaritans as a deep sin. In 1861_1865, the United States divided brother against brother in one of its bloodiest battles of all time over black slavery.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Racism survives not simply as an intangibleRead MoreAnalysis Of The Meaning Of Serena Williams Essay1190 Words   |  5 PagesBlack excellence; a term possibly defined as the recognition and celebration of the successes of the black community. Lacking from the definition is the idea that black excellence cannot be achieved without understanding its relation to apparent racist perpetrations. In an essay discussing Serena Williams, entitled â€Å"The Meaning of Serena Williams†, by Claudia Rankine, she states, â€Å"the notable difference between black excellence and white excellence is white excellence is achieved without having toRead MoreRacial Discrimination And Discrimination1669 Words   |  7 PagesRacism has consistently been used as a way to express hate and to oppress others on the basis of race. In many cases, racism results as acts of violence, such as the events that took place in Charlottesville, VA on August 11-12, 2017. In this regard, racism is often actively and blatantly oppressive and hate filled. However, racism is does not always consist of expressing hate and promoting oppression. Many times, an odd paradigm exists where individuals, many times white people, are trying to repairRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem The Meaning Of Serena Williams Essay1195 Words   |  5 Pages Black excellence; a term that is possibly defined as the recognition and celebration of the successes of the black community. Lacking from the definition is the idea that black excellence cannot be achieved without understanding its relation to apparent racist perpetrations. In the essay entitled â€Å"The Meaning of Serena Williams†, author Claudia Rankine states, â€Å"the notable difference between black excellence and white excellence is white excellence is achieved without having to battle racism. ImagineRead MoreAnalysis Of Tableau And Incident By Countee Cullen753 Words   |  4 PagesThe poems †Å"Tableau† and â€Å"Incident† by Countee Cullen are about racism, but both have a different take on it. The African American author wrote in 1900’s , when racism was common and more acceptable. Cullen’s work became more popular during the Harlem Renaissance in the 1920’s. Both poems are developed with different writing mechanics to convey a clear message to the reader or audience. Cullen uses figurative language and tone to develop the theme in each text. The figurative language of each poemRead MoreTableau Analytical Essay . The Harlem Renaissance Was A1351 Words   |  6 Pagesand created a call for equality. Cullen wrote the poem â€Å"Tableau† to demonstrate the varying views of racism. In â€Å"Tableau† Countee Cullen communicates a desire to end racial injustice through the use of setting, contradiction, figurative language, and characterization. Cullen s poem, â€Å"Tableau†, consists of 3 stanzas written in an iambic tetrameter in which every other line rhymes. The idea of racism is set through the setting and the perception of people in different situations. For example, theRead MoreEssay on Changes Brought About by the Civil Rights Movement1095 Words   |  5 Pagesofficer checking on a group of black teenagers that didnt do any crime, but just walking on streets. It shows that blacks were treated differently from whites, if white teenagers were hanging around on the street, the police officer wouldnt check them. All of the examples above can be concluded in one word, which is racism. Racism happened a lot at United State, the whites treated the African-American badly and called them blacks or niggers. Despite the fact that racism occurred a lot, not everyoneRead More Racial Inequalities and Tension Essay1344 Words   |  6 Pagesits president, allowed certain months to represent cultural awareness, and immigration numbers augmented. However, regardless of the fact that the country becomes increasingly diverse by the day and heavy, racial social boundaries no longer exist, racism, prejudice, and stereotypes still exist. â€Å"The problem of the twentieth century is the problem of the color-line† (McQuade 391) says it the best; racial and ethnicity still remain underlying causes for conflicts and many other national issues as saidRead MoreRacism Destroys A Family, Desiree s Baby864 Words   |  4 PagesRacism Destroys a Family Dà ©sirà ©e s Baby How can racism and arrogance destroy a whole family? In the short story Dà ©sirà ©e s Baby written by Kate Chopin reflects on how racism played a huge role before the American Civil War. Dà ©sirà ©e was abandoned by her family when she was young and was adopted by, Madame Valmonde, a rich white family. One day Armand Aubigny was passing when he saw Dà ©sirà ©e next to a stone pillar, where he falls in love with her instantly . They get married and have a baby boyRead MoreSocial Inequality And Black Magic1030 Words   |  5 Pagesinequalities featured in the popular television show American Horror Story: Coven. In addition to violence and black magic, the miniseries explored some new horror themes: racism and sexism. Coven was highly heavily criticized by its viewers for including many black stereotypes, trivializing rape, and distastefully portraying women as a mysterious species to men. Sexism and racism are quite prominent in our society and instead of shedding light o n these issues with respect, American Horror Story

Ethics Essay - 1396 Words

An Ethical Dilemma Introduction An ethical dilemma exists when the right thing to do is not clear or when members of the health care team cannot agree on the right thing to do (Potter, Perry, Stockert, amp; Hall, 2011). S.Z. is a 65-year-old Hispanic man who was admitted to the hospital for the third time in 6 months, for hyperglycemia. He is now scheduled to be discharged but his daughter pleads with the nurse that she does not want her father discharged because he is non-complaint with his medications and diet at home. She says she has small children at home and can’t be responsible for him, too. She is worried sick that he is doing this on purpose because he has been so depressed since her mother, who did everything for him,†¦show more content†¦With the 1st scenario of discharging S.Z. to go home; his daughter may feel responsible for him after he is discharged and may end up resenting him if she is unable to meet his medical care needs due to her own family issues and daily responsibilities . S. Z. may feel like his daughter doesn’t want or need him around which may cause a lot of anxiety. With the 2nd scenario of discharging him to a nursing home; this may make S.Z. feel more depressed due to a loss of independence. He may even start to feel isolated because he will unable to attend his church, tend to his gardens, or work on small projects around his house. All these things help to keep him in touch with the world as well as keeping his body, especially his hands, nimble. With the 3rd scenario of holding off on the discharge and calling to order a meeting of the minds to further discuss S.Z.s discharge outcomes. There are 5 signs an older person shouldn’t be living alone. The first sign is that the older person is healthy, but cannot safely live alone. Even the healthiest people are prone to slips, trips, and falls, especially when taking certain medications. Older people have a much higher riskShow MoreRelatedEthics And Ethics : Ethics922 Words   |  4 Pagesand friend group to be altered. One change I was not anticipating making was my approach to ethics. Over the course of the past fifteen weeks, my knowledge of ethics as well as my approach to ethics has changed. I have become more knowledgeable about the different approaches to ethics and have gained insight as to where I stand in my approach to ethics. One thing that has changed in my approach to ethics since the beginning of the semester is I am now adamant that it is impossible to arrive at aRead MoreEthics : Ethics And Ethics Essay1578 Words   |  7 Pages†¢ Define ethics. Ethics is defined as the moral principles and standards that guide the behavior of an individual or group, while business ethics refers to said behavior in the work environment. Great leaders demonstrate and practice this both personally and professionally. With today’s constant media coverage of unethical decisions and their violators, it can be easy for many to people to assume that ethics codes are â€Å"just for show†. A prime example of the unethical culture that exists in businessRead MoreEthics : Ethics And Ethics851 Words   |  4 PagesJohn Berger who stated, â€Å"Without ethics, man has no future. This is to say, mankind without them cannot be itself. Ethics determine choices and actions and suggest difficult priorities† (Berger). His meaning behind that quote is simple. In this world is there a right and a wrong way of doing something? In this world, ethics determines our actions and the consequences that come about those actions, determining right and wrong. The real question is however, are Ethics black and white? Is what is â€Å"right†Read MoreEthics : Ethics And Ethics955 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction: Ethics is a key moral philosophy that helps us determine what is right and wrong. This paper will talk about my views on ethics. I will share personal examples of ethical situations that I have been in. I will also share where my ethical views originated from and why ethics is important to me. Next, I will discuss how ethics will affect my career and why it will be important in it. Lastly, I will talk about the importance of ethics in the global world. Personal: In my opinion ethics is a moralRead MoreEthics And The Ethics Of Ethics929 Words   |  4 Pages Ethics Nurse’s Before all parties involved can begin a working relationship, each individual should discuss and obtain a written description of the duties expected and the code of ethics that should be respected and followed; by beginning with a clear understanding of ethical values. Ethics: the study of right and wrong and how to tell the difference between them. Since ethics also means people s beliefs about right and wrong behavior, ethics can be defined as the study of ethics. EthicsRead MoreEthics And Ethics Of Ethics775 Words   |  4 Pagesmillion to settle a shareholder lawsuit. We can refer from the two previous examples that ethics education is crucial. The main reason for ethics education is that ethics courses and training would help students, who are going to become future managers and business decision makers, to resolve such ethical dilemmas correctly. As we know that most dilemmas often have multiple decision criteria. Business ethics classes would help students to realize which decision criteria lead to a preference for aRead MoreEthics And Ethics Of Ethics Essay1491 Words   |  6 Pagesemployees that the work place ethics code forbids using work-place resources for personal financial profit. To make ethically right decision in this ethical dilemma, I will focus on the philosophers’ standpoint and reasoning of ethics of care, ethics of justice, utilitarian ethics and universal principle to analyze the situation. In this tough situation, my conclusion is that I will not report this action to the higher authority although she is violating wor k place ethics code. I will provide my reasoningRead MoreEthics : Ethics And Ethics1569 Words   |  7 Pages Ethics In Nursing Rayda M. Garcia Fairleigh Dickinson Universityâ€Æ' Ethics In Nursing The study of ethics, or applied ethics, is necessary for healthcare professionals who often face dilemmas that are not experienced by the general population. The fast-paced growth of medical technology has made the study of ethics even more relevant. The study of bioethics, or biomedical ethics, refers to moral dilemmas due to advances in medicine and medical research. Since medical law and ethics are oftenRead MoreEthics : Ethics And Ethics1485 Words   |  6 Pages Ethics is a concept derived from an individual’s religion, philosophies or culture, forming a collection of moral principles carrying out the manner in which a person leads their life. In modern society philosophers divide ethical theories into three separate areas, meta-ethics, normative ethics and applied ethics. Meta-ethics refer to the origins and meanings of ethical principles, dealing with the nature of moral judgement. Normative ethics refers to what is right and wrong and concerned withRead MoreEthics And Ethics Of Ethics987 Words   |  4 PagesEthics affect every facet of life, especially in a professional community. When a decision is to be made within a community, the ethical decision is typically that which benefits the most people or harms the least people. There are some scenarios however, when the correct decision based on a system of ethics that values doing the right thing is not the decision that leaves behind the least negative impact on the organization. An organization must decide if it will follow the system of ethics that

Exam Study Sheet Free Essays

ERP as a business concept resounds as a powerful internal information management nirvana: Everyone involved in sourcing, producing, and delivering the company’s product works with the same information, which eliminates redundancies, reduces wasted time, and removes misinformation. Learning outcomes Buffet believes In focused Investing and believes that all Investors should look at five features: 1 . The certainty with which the long-term economic characteristics of the business can be evaluated 2. We will write a custom essay sample on Exam Study Sheet or any similar topic only for you Order Now The certainty with which management can be evaluated, both as to Its ability to realize the full potential of the business and to wisely employ Its cash flows 3. The certainty with which management can be counted on to channel the reward from the business to the shareholders rather than to Itself 4. The purchase price of the business the degree by which an investor’s purchasing-power return is reduced from his gross return Innovation finding new six best practices of innovation: Find your relevant edge Assemble innovation hothouses Reward risk takers Celebrate diversity Look around Mix practitioners and developers Social entrepreneurship â€Å"going green† Social Responsibility implies that an organization has a responsibility to society. Corporate Policy reflects the position a company takes on social and political issues. Sustainable or â€Å"Green† describes systems that minimize damage to the environment. Energy consumption Breakdown of Power Usage in The Typical Data Centre For convenience and to allow for automatic updates and backup, the majority of computer equipment is never completely shut down. It draws energy 24 hours a day. Percentage lighting/humidifier power distribution units air conditioners Ups IT equipment Chiller E waste State – Refers to discarded, obsolete or broken electronic devices Sustainable IT disposal – Refers to the safe disposal of MIS assets at the end of their life cycle Electronic Product Stewardship Canada (PEPS) – an industry association that educates and encourages e-waste control Recent International laws restrict the use of hazardous materials. Moor’s Law has made technological devices smaller, cheaper, and faster, allowing more people from all income levels to purchase computing equipment. This increased demand is causing numerous environmental issues. State refers to drives, printer cartridges, cell phones, pods, external hard drives, TV’s, Vicars, DVD players, microwaves, and so on. Greener IT four ways to save energy in a data center use outdoor air for cooling, cool high density areas, use low power processors, incorporate cooling solutions, use server power management, buy high efficiency power supplies, use overpopulation to consolidate servers. Organizational social networking three types of social networking an organization can implement: Passive search Boomerangs Marketing networks Passive Search?Finding people for new Jobs who are happy and productive where they through business networking sites. Boomerangs?Former employees returning to old Jobs. Marketing Networks?Using business networks for marketing and events It’s a whole new world Virtual World?An Internet resource which presents a AD virtual community. Virtual Organizations- interactive web presence for businesses and their customers. Virtual Workforce?working from home†¦ Or anywhere via the Internet. Tools for virtual workforce Mobile commerce (m-commerce)?ability to purchase goods and services through a mobile device. Telemetric?The blending of wired and wireless technologies for efficient electronic communication. Electronic tagging?the use of RIFF (radio frequency identification) and other systems to identify and tracking digital assets. 4. Enterprise resource planning ERP Failures Blaming ERP for the â€Å"pickle† that many a company who has implemented ERP find themselves in is like blaming the CAD package for a poorly architect building. Like just about everything else, IT-enabling business processes is about using the right tools for the right reasons and executing. Enterprise resource planning – integrates all departments and functions hat employees can make enterprise-wide decisions by viewing enterpris e-wide information on all business operations. ERP powerful organization tools Solution to incompatible applications. Addresses the need for global information sharing. Avoids the expense of fixing legacy systems. Legacy Systems?are older computer technology still in use. Functional Systems? serve single business departments or units. Legacy systems exist in personal computing as well as business Enterprise resource planning system Core data – employees, orders, customers, sales, inventory 0 ERP- Global sales report, Global manufacturing report, global shipping report Enterprise resource planning – ERP Integration Data Flow At the heart of all ERP systems is a database; when a user enters or updates information in one module, it is immediately and automatically updated throughout the entire system â€Å"Data† (centre) – purchasing, accounting and finance, manual resources, inventory, manufacturing, marketing and sales Why do organizations need integrations, if an ERP system contains one database that connects all applications together? Most organizations operate functional â€Å"silos†, and each department happily has its own systems A company might purchase an ERP and then all of the functional silos would be on one system; however, this doesn’t happen very often in the real world ERP automates business processes such as order fulfillment?taking an order from a customer, shipping the purchase, and then billing for it. With an ERP system, when a customer service representative takes an order from a customer, he or she has all the data necessary to complete the order. When one department finishes with the order, it is automatically routed via the ERP system to the next department. To find out here the order is at any point, a user needs only to log in to the ERP system and track the order. ERP systems automate business processes, for example, order fulfillment When a Customer Service Representative (CARS) takes an order from a customer, he or she has all the information necessary to complete the order (the customer’s credit rating and order history, the company’s inventory levels, and the delivery schedule) ERP process flow Data†centre† sales/quote/order warehouse pack/ship receiving returns accounting/billing/payment The organization before ERP Multiple functional systems provide support for the unique needs of each department but cannot be integrated across the enterprise document management, workflow, ERP †¦ Etc The organization after ERP – A central processing needs of each functional unit while having data sharing across the enterprise. Core and extended ERP components The evolution of ERP ERP – material planning, order entry, distribution, general ledger, accounting, shop floor control Extended ERP – scheduling, forecasting, capacity planning, commerce, warehousing, logistics ERP -II – project management, knowledge management, workflow management, customer relationship’, human resource, portal capability Core ERP components – traditional components included in most ERP systems and they primarily focus on internal operations Extended ERP components – extra components that meet the organizational needs not covered by the core components and primarily focus on external operations Core and extended ERP components Three most common core ERP components 1 . Accounting and finance 2. Production and materials management 3. Human resource Accounting and finance ERP component – manages accounting data and financial processes within the enterprise with functions such as general ledger, accounts payable, accounts receivable, budgeting, and asset management Dudley Harley-Davidson Canada (DDCD), the exclusive Canadian distributor of Harley- Davidson motorcycles, has improved inventory, turnaround time, margins, and customer satisfaction?all with the implementation of a financial ERP system Production and materials management ERP component – handles the various aspects of production planning and execution such as demand forecasting, production scheduling, Job cost accounting, and quality control Production and materials management ERP components This figure displays the typical ERP production planning process. The process begins with forecasting sales in order to plan operations. A detailed production schedule is developed if the product is produced, and a materials requirement plan is completed in the product is purchased. Sales forecasting 0 operations planning 0 detailed scheduling/production, 0 materials requirement planning, purchasing Human resource ERP component – tracks employee information including payroll, legal requirements of multiple Jurisdictions and tax authorities Extended ERP components include: Business intelligence Customer relationship management Supply chain management E-business Business intelligence – describes information that people use to support their decision-making efforts Customer relationship management – involves managing all aspects of a customer’s relationships with an organization to increase customer loyalty and retention and an organization’s profitability Supply chain management – involves the management of information flows between and among stages in a supply chain to maximize total supply chain effectiveness and profitability E-business – means conducting business on the Internet, not only buying and selling, but also Irving customers and collaborating with business partners Primary Users and Business Benefits of Enterprise Applications Enterprise application – CRM, SCM, ERP Examples parenting/CSS, customers, accosting finance logistics Integration Middleware – Several different types of software that sit between and provide connectivity for two or more software application s The connected corporation Enterprise application integration middleware – Takes a new approach to middleware by packaging commonly used applications together, reducing the time needed to integrate applications from multiple vendors Measuring ERP Success with the Balanced Scorecard The Four Primary Perspectives of the Balanced Scorecard Vision and strategy – financial, internal business process, customer, learning and growing Balanced Scorecard is a measurement system whose objective is to clarify the company’s vision and strategy and translate them into actions. It starts with the customer†¦ Customer?†To achieve our vision, how should we appear to our customer. Financial -â€Å"To succeed financially, how should we be appearing to our shareholders? † Internal Business Process?†To satisfy our shareholders and customers, what business processes must we excel at? † Learning and Growing?†To achieve our vision, how will we sustain our ability to change and improve? † Successful ERP projects share 3 attributes 1. Overall fit Off the rack Off the rack and tailored to fit Custom made 2. Proper business analysis Successful companies spend up to 10 percent of the project budget on a business analysis 3. Solid implementation plans A plan is needed to monitor the quality, objectives, and timeliness Overall fit This refers to the degree of gaps that exist between the system and the business process. A well-fitting ERP has no major process gaps and very few minor ones Proper business analysis The best way to determine which fit strategy is right is to conduct a thorough business analysis. Successful companies normally spend up to 10 percent of the project budget on a business analysis. Chapter 5 Operations Management and Supply Chain Management SECTION 5. – OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT â€Å"over view† Operations Management Fundamentals MM in Business Information Systems’ Role in MM SECTION 5. 2 – SUPPLY CHAIN FUNDAMENTALS Supply Chain Fundamentals Information Systems’ Role in the Supply Chain Supply Chain Management Success Factors Future Supp ly Chain Trends Operations management foundations Production management describes all the activities managers do to help companies create goods. Operations management (MM) is the management of systems or processes that convert or transform resources (including human resources) into goods and services. A transformation process is often referred to as the technical core, especially in manufacturing organizations, and is the actual conversion of inputs to outputs. Operations management fundamentals Operations Involves the Conversion of Inputs into Outputs Example of Inputs, Transformation, and Outputs MM in business Typical MM activities include: Forecasting Capacity planning Scheduling Managing inventory Assuring quality Motivating and training employees Locating facilities Forecasting: Estimating demand for a product/service Capacity Planning: Determining the amount of space, equipment and throughput is needed to achieve the production targets. Scheduling: Determining when the production will occur. Managing inventory: Ensuring raw materials will be available on time and in place and that work in progress and finished goods have storage. Assuring quality: Ensuring standards are met through sampling inputs, in process work and outputs. Motivating and training employees: Appropriate pay, benefits, scheduling, and direction, supervision and instructions. Locating Facilities: Determining where to put production facilities and the cost effectiveness of near major markets or away from markets and close to transportation routes. Hierarchy of operational planning IS support for operations strategy depends on IS support for operations strategy depends on: Level of available technology. Skill level of workers. Degree of vertical integration, to what degree the suppliers are owned (or partnered) with the company. Extent to which outside suppliers are used. SUB Strategic Business Unit?is a stand-alone business under a corporate umbrella Strategic Planning?are the collection of decisions focus in doing the right things over a longer period of time MR. Systems?use sales forecast to make sure parts and materials are available Global Inventory Management Systems (SIMS)?locate, track and predict materials and components by installing GAPS in transportation vehicles Operational Planning and Control (POPC)?deals with day-to-day operations. Competitive MM strategy Five key competitive priorities that can add value for customers: 1 . Cost 2. Quality 3. Delivery 5. Service 1 . Cost?key determinant in a customer purchase decision 2. Quality?product quality should reflect the exact requirements of a customer Process quality ensures a consistent error-free quality level. Several international quality methodologies exist including Six Sigma Quality, SISSIES, IS014000, TTS, COMIC. An assignment for students is for individual students or groups to research one of these methodologies to see when they started and by whom; what objective is achieved and how; what prominent companies use them today and why; and what the advantages as well as disadvantages there are. 3. Delivery?fast and reliable 4. Flexibility?offering a wide variety of products to customers. Offering a choice of environmentally friendly products and services. 5. Service?New products revert to being commodities quickly. Often the distinguishing factor is the service provided by the supplier. M and the supply chain Supply chain consists of all parties involved, directly or indirectly, in the procurement of a product or raw material Supply chain management (SCM) involves the management of information flows between and among stages in a supply chain to maximize total effectiveness and profitab ility. The four basic components of Supply chain management (SCM) are: Supply chain strategy Supply chain partners Supply chain operation Supply chain logistics Supply Chain Strategy. A company must have a plan for managing all the resources that go toward meeting customer demand for products or services. Supply Chain Partners – Companies chosen to deliver finished products, raw materials and services. Supply Chain Operations -Scheduling production activities, including jesting, packaging, and preparing for delivery. Supply Chain Logistics?product delivery process and elements including orders, warehouses, carriers, defective product returns and invoicing. A typical manufacturing supply chain: Supplier, storage, manufacturing, storage (finished goods), distribution, retailer, customer A typical service supply chain: Supplier, storage, service, customer SCM software can enable an organization to generate efficiencies within these steps different supply chain components. Impact of Efficient Effective Supply Chain Management on Porter’s Five Forces Effective and efficient SCM systems can enable an organization to Decrease the power of its buyers Increase its own supplier power Increase switching costs to reduce the threat of substitute products or services Create entry barriers thereby reducing the threat of new entrants Increase efficiencies while seeking a competitive advantage through cost leadership â€Å"Organizations supply chain† Supplier power + 5. 2 Supply Chain Fundamentals Supply chain fundamentals The supply chain has three main links: 1 . Materials flow from suppliers and their â€Å"upstream† suppliers at all levels 2. Transformation of materials into semi-finished and finished products through the organization’s own production process 3. Distribution of products to customers and their â€Å"downstream† customers at all levels Collecting, analyzing, and distributing transactional information to all relevant parties, SCM systems help all the different entities in the supply chain work together more effectively SCM has significantly improved companies’ forecasting abilities over the last few years A Typical Supply Chain for a Manufacturer Supplier/supplies 0 suppliers manufacturer (transformation)Ã'Ëœ distributor retailers customer customer’s customer They need to determine all areas and potential threats that make the supply chain vulnerable. For example, An unusually bad season in Australia causes the eucalyptus harvest to fall short of expectation production levels, which causes the price to skyrocket The factory in Lit, Pennsylvania, is destroyed by a fire One of its transportation ships sinks A hurricane causes one of its transportation ships to be delayed The five basic supply chain management components Plan – This is the strategic portion of supply chain management. A company must How to cite Exam Study Sheet, Papers

Instruction Practice On Validated Theory - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Instruction By Basing Practice On Validated Theory? Answer: Introduction: Peer learning is regarded as a differentiated education strategy-encompassing sweep of activities. It involves the sharing of ideas, experiences and knowledge among participants and it is way that helps in moving from independent to mutual learning. Practices of peer learning are often introduced in ad hoc way; however, it is yet to realize the potential of such type of learning. Peer learning can be formalized and in formalized that has its own benefits and drawbacks. This type of learning is considered as instrumental strategy for advanced students. In many Universities in Australia, peer learning is a well-established practice that helps students in learning and gaining knowledge in both formal and informal ways (Abeysekera Dawson, 2015). Discussion: Some of the facts that are gaining importance in Universities are issues of faculty member development, professional accountability and enhancing the quality of higher education and concerning this, the concept of peer learning has evolved. Peer learning is a strategy that helps in enhancing personal control over practices of teaching by making improvement in personal development among members of faculty. Feasibility of peer-to-peer learning can be determined by five themes such as benefits of such learning to teachers and students, barriers to such learning, literature gap, opportunities and existing potential problems to teaching. It is indicated by the students of that model employed in such practice enables them to practice skills that would be useful in their future profession such as reflection communication, cooperation and independence. Different types of peer learnings: Collaborative group learning- This type of learning occurs in large group in peer to peer that involves students working in pairs or small groups with the purpose of discussing concepts or finding solution to any given problem. Variety of forms are involved in such types of learning such as active learning or quick learning. Collaborative learning comes with several benefit such as promotion of interaction among students and faculty, development of higher-level thinking and leadership skills, increase and enhancing the understanding of particular subjects from diverse perspectives. Increasing self-esteem, responsibility and retention of students is another benefit of such type of learning (Johnson et al., 2014). In order to ensure and facilitate communication and collaboration among group members, this type of learning make use of both resources and goal interdependence. Dynamic group learning- The learning environment provided by dynamic group helps has a high likelihood of being succeed. This exhibit-varied independence among the participants with which of them in the group is striving for achieving common goals (Iier.org.au, 2017). Formal group learning-In formal learning, students work in groups as asked or instructed by instructor for completing any particular assignment.Learning activities of group are defined and assigned to students to instructor and there is formation of heterogeneous group. Role of instructor is crucial in this type of learning as they are actively involved in monitoring and evaluating the performance of group (Gelbar et al., 2014). For the identification improvement of group, instructors ate encouraged to make reflection of participants interaction. In formal group learning-Informal cooperative learning group involves formation of temporary, small and ad hoc groups of students who work together for brief time for answering questions and responding promptly to the instructors. Contribution of peer-to-peer learning in promoting student independence: One of the important benefits of peer-to-peer learning is providing students with an opportunity to encounter with perspective of greater diversity. Students from their peer along with just lecturers or instructor receive feedback. This helps them in gaining feedback from two source that increases their likelihood of working on improving their knowledge and gaining different ways to improve it. Expansion and development of range of skills is another benefit to student from being engaged in peer learning along with development of skills such as problem solving and skills. This type of learning increases a sense of responsibilities by promoting independence learning and preparing them for professional workforce and reducing dependence on lecturers. An opportunity of diverse skill development is provided to students by their engagement in learning process (Darling-Hammond, 2017). Another way by which peer learning helps in promoting the independence of students is enhancement in their employability skills along with the development of attributes such as critical appraisal and enhancing their ability to communicate. Students would be provided with assistance at the time of entering their profession by making them engage in collaborative learning environment. Students would be gaining skills to work with people from diverse culture and diverse communities that would help them in enhancing a range of attributes required to enhance their skills of working independently (cft.vanderbilt.edu, 2017). When entering into professional life, students inculcating such skills would not be dependent much on their superiors for taking any decisions. However, seeking guidance from superiors is the way out for dealing with complex circumstances. Independence for students is promoted by way of conversation and interaction with other students as they become more open to questions and gaining review and feedback for the same. Students would have improved and better level of perceived self-efficacy by providing them the opportunity to learn with peers. Self-efficacy sources is achieved from peer learning by way of successfully testing personal experiences after the goals have been achieved, social support, other peer observation for performing acts and goal achievements, absence of strong emotions. Psychological empowerment factors such as impact, self-determination and competence helps in the improvement of students skills. Experience of students in performing activities is depicted by competence and peer learning helps in increasing their competence skills. Self-determination of students is enhanced for making decisions (Linton et al., 2014). Another factor that has assisted students while practicing peer learning is the degre e to which administrative, strategic and operating outcome influences their work. Negative sides of peer-to-peer learning: Students experience- It is certainly possible that students will be involved socially and there is lacking of social conversation, as they are consistently involved in working with same peers or groups. Therefore, there is no possibility of social development that s required sometimes for healthy conversation.Since, there exist a vast difference between the experience of teacher and instructors, they might not learn as much, and gaining knowledge becomes limited. The likelihood of development and promotion of positive relationship between teacher and students is not possible if students are only working with other peers (Wang et al., 2014). Poor applicability- In most of cases, peer learning is not efficiently and properly applied that might results from ineffective collaboration of students and teachers. Lack of confidentiality- Students might struggle, as there exists too much transparency, as students are able to get engaged with instructors and other peers. One of the powerful classroom techniques is student helping one other and receiving assistance from their fellow students. Students are able to take responsibilities and increases motivation when they collaborate with their fellow learners. Collaboration helps in achieving the process oriented goals and marketing skills development such as communication, social skills, project management, problem solving and developing competencies in team player game. Peer learning help students in cooperative learning that has the characteristics of positive independence and it is perceived that working in group produces better performance compared to working individually. Learning process is the main focus of peer learning and fellow students also offer support while learning which one of the main attributes of such learning (Broadbent Poon, 2015). Therefore, it can be seen that students are able to maximize their learning experience when they are performing task together with fellow students. It is found from the research and reviewing of several academic journals that students are benefitted from being engaged in process of peer review. One of the effective tools of learning is positioning feedback that provides students with dual feedback. Future career of students would receive assistance through the development of diverse skills. Students are able to involve in deep learning by engaging in process of peer review that helps in inspiring workplace (Bowman-Perrott et al., 2013). Conclusion: From the above analysis of academic research on peer learning, it is concluded that engagement of students in such learning process provides them with several benefits along with generating opportunities for future career development. However, there are some issues faced in engaging in such learning process that would be reduced while engaging in the process and it is not likely to be intimidated promptly. Process of peer learning is not a solitary practice and wide range of activities can be covered for combining in different ways to become compatible with suiting particular courses. Recommendations: The perception of students for the peer learning process needs to be shaped and they need to see a connection between ways of working in classroom and gaining knowledge from engaging with fellow students. Peer learning should also encourage social and personal development for overcoming some negativity of learning proces References list: Abeysekera, L., Dawson, P. (2015). Motivation and cognitive load in the flipped classroom: definition, rationale and a call for research.Higher Education Research Development,34(1), 1-14. Bowman-Perrott, L., Davis, H., Vannest, K., Williams, L., Greenwood, C., Parker, R. (2013). Academic benefits of peer tutoring: A meta-analytic review of single-case research.School Psychology Review,42(1), 39. Broadbent, J., Poon, W. L. (2015). Self-regulated learning strategies academic achievement in online higher education learning environments: A systematic review.The Internet and Higher Education,27, 1-13. Darling-Hammond, L. (2017). Teacher education around the world: What can we learn from international practice?.European Journal of Teacher Education, 1-19. Gelbar, N. W., Smith, I., Reichow, B. (2014). Systematic review of articles describing experience and supports of individuals with autism enrolled in college and university programs.Journal of autism and developmental disorders,44(10), 2593-2601. Group work: Using cooperative learning groups effectively. (2017).Vanderbilt University. Retrieved 10 October 2017, from https://cft.vanderbilt.edu/guides-sub-pages/setting-up-and-facilitating-group-work-using-cooperative-learning-groups-effectively/ Iier.org.au. (2017). Retrieved 10 October 2017, from https://www.iier.org.au/iier23/moore. Johnson, D. W., Johnson, R. T., Smith, K. A. (2014). Cooperative learning: Improving university instruction by basing practice on validated theory.Journal on Excellence in University Teaching,25(4), 1-26. Linton, D., Pangle, W., Wyatt, K., Powell, K. and Sherwood, R. (2014). Identifying Key Features of Effective Active Learning: The Effects of Writing and Peer Discussion.Cell Biology Education, 13(3), pp.469-477. Wang, W., Vaillancourt, T., Brittain, H. L., McDougall, P., Krygsman, A., Smith, D., ... Hymel, S. (2014). School climate, peer victimization, and academic achievement: results from a multi-informant study.School Psychology Quarterly,29(3), 360.